What is Periodontal Disease

What Causes Periodontal Disease?

Periodontal disease begins with simple dental plaque that hasn’t been effectively cleaned from teeth. Plaque is the yellow substance that sticks to your teeth and, if not brushed and flossed away, results in tooth decay. Gums that are swollen and bleeding indicate that they’re infected with the bacteria found in plaque.

Swollen and bleeding gums are an early sign of periodontal disease. Eventually, plaque will spread below the gumline, where it’s difficult to remove. When your gums swell, a space is formed between the gums and teeth, encouraging more bacteria to grow. If left untreated, periodontal disease can cause teeth to become loose and eventually destroy the supporting structures of the teeth.

Stages of Periodontal Disease

The progression of periodontal disease begins with swelling and bleeding at the gumline, known as gum disease or gingivitis. This first step in the progression of periodontal disease is generally reversible with professional teeth cleanings and consistent dental care at home.

If left untreated, gingivitis can lead to a condition called periodontitis. The plaque that gathers along the gumline hardens into a substance called tartar or calculus. This accumulation causes gums to pull away from the teeth, forming “pockets” where food particles and bacteria gather. The supporting gum tissue and bone become infected and are eventually destroyed, leading to pain, discomfort and tooth loss. T here are often warnings of periodontal disease, including bad breath, reddening of the gums or bleeding from the gums when brushing your teeth. More serious symptoms include tender or swollen gums, spaces or pus between teeth and the gumline, and receding gums that make your teeth look longer.

The most common cause of periodontal disease is inadequate dental care. An at-home regimen of thorough brushing and flossing is required for both the prevention and treatment of periodontal disease, as well as regular professional cleanings.

Treatment of Periodontal Disease

Even those who take meticulous care of their teeth can experience periodontal disease. Certain people are more susceptible to this condition, including diabetics, tobacco users, and those who clench or grind their teeth.

Regardless of the cause, it’s imperative to seek treatment as soon as possible to prevent the progression of periodontal disease. The central goal of treating periodontal disease is to remove all disease-causing bacteria and regenerate the supporting structures of your teeth. The extent of the periodontal treatment prescribed will depend on the progression of periodontal disease present. I'On Family Dentistry provides a variety of treatment options for those dealing with periodontal disease.